Research leader

Dr Katharine Haynes Research Leader

Research team

Lucinda Coates Research Team
Andrew Gissing Research Team
Dr Matalena Tofa Research Team
Prof John McAneney Research Team
Dr Ryan Crompton Research Team
Dr Niyas Madappatt Research Team

End User representatives

Duncan McLuckie End-User
Tim Wiebusch End-User
Elspeth Rae End-User
Belinda Davies End-User
Michael Morgan
Michael Morgan End-User
John Richardson
John Richardson End-User
Marcus Morgan End-User

This study has informed community flood warning campaigns, emergency services training and national policy initiatives by investigating the circumstances of all flood fatalities in Australia from 1900 to 2015. It has also compare the impacts of disasters from more than 100 years ago with more recent events.

By exploring the socio-demographic and environmental factors surrounding the 1,859 flood fatalities over 115 years, the research found distinct trends in relation to gender, age, activity and the circumstances of the death. These trends were analysed in the context of changes to emergency management policy and practice over time.

The NSW State Emergency Service has used the findings of the research for its ‘FloodSafe’ community campaign and training, while the Queensland Fire and Emergency Services has used it to inform its ‘If It’s Flooded, Forget it’ campaign.

The results of this research have significantly contributed to investigations into preventing flood fatalities by the Prevention of Flood Related Fatalities Working Group of the Community Engagement Sub-committee of the Australia–New Zealand Emergency Management Committee. This working group comprised policy makers, practitioners and researchers involved in flood risk management from Australia and New Zealand.

Similar analysis has recently been completed for fatalities due to cyclones, earthquakes and severe storms across the same time period (1900 to 2015). At least 406 fatalities occurred, with three quarters due to severe storms. The majority of these fatalities have been males.

As well as fatalities, the project has also explored building damage, by hazard, across time and by state or territory. Historical losses have been adjusted for known societal changes (i.e. numbers of homes, the value of these homes and improvements in building codes and construction). While there is substantial variability across time, there is no statistically significant upward trend in the cost of natural hazards. This result implies that no signal has yet been detected to indicate that insured losses from causes other than societal changes (such as population changes and wealth growth) are increasing.

No single hazard dominates or is responsible for most insured building losses— hailstorms, cyclones, floods, earthquakes and bushfires all feature as the most damaging events in Australia.

Read the final report here. 

Year Type Citation
2023 Journal Article Gissing, A., Hamilton, K., Smith, G. & Peden, A. Vehicle-related causes of flood fatalities. Natural Hazard Science (2023). doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.438
2019 Journal Article Fountain, L., Tofa, M., Haynes, K., Taylor, M. & Ferguson, S. Older adults in disaster and emergency management: What are the priority research areas in Australia?. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 39, (2019).
2019 Journal Article Gissing, A., Opper, S., Tofa, M., Coates, L. & McAneney, J. Influence of road characteristics on flood fatalities in Australia. Environmental Hazards 18 , (2019).
2019 Report Coates, L. et al. Flash flood fatalities in NSW, VIC, ACT and South East QLD from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2017. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2019).
2018 Report Tofa, M. et al. Exploring the experiences of those who shelter in place during severe flooding. (Bushfire and Natural Hazard CRC, 2018).
2017 Conference Paper Haynes, K., Tofa, M., Gissing, A., Coates, L. & Roche, K. Sheltering in place during flooding: a case study of ex cyclone Debbie. AFAC17 (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2017).
2017 Conference Paper Rumsewicz, M. Research proceedings from the 2017 Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC and AFAC Conference. Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC & AFAC annual conference 2017 (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2017).
2017 Journal Article Haynes, K. et al. Exploring the circumstances surrounding flood fatalities in Australia—1900–2015 and the implications for policy and practice. Environmental Science & Policy 76, 165-176 (2017).
2017 Report Coates, L. et al. An analysis of human fatalities from cyclones, earthquakes and severe storms in Australia. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2017).
2017 Report Haynes, K., Coates, L. & Gissing, A. An analysis of human fatalities and building losses from natural disasters: annual project report 2016-17. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2017).
2017 Report McAneney, J. et al. A natural hazard building loss profile for Australia: 1900-2015. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2017).
2017 Report Gissing, A., Tofa, M., Opper, S. & Haynes, K. Influence of road characteristics on flood fatalities in Australia. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2017).
2016 Conference Paper Rae, E., Campbell, P., Haynes, K., Gissing, A. & Coates, L. Preventing flood related fatalities: a focus on people driving through floodwater. AFAC16 (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2016).
2016 Conference Paper Rumsewicz, M. Research proceedings from the 2016 Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC and AFAC conference. Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC & AFAC annual conference 2016 (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2016).
2016 Journal Article Gissing, A., Haynes, K., Coates, L. & Keys, C. Motorist behaviour during the 2015 Shoalhaven floods. Australian Journal of Emergency Management 31, (2016).
2016 Report Haynes, K. et al. An analysis of human fatalities from floods in Australia 1900-2015. (2016).
2016 Report Haynes, K., Coates, L. & van den Honert, R. An analysis of human fatalities and building losses from natural disasters: Annual project report 2015-2016. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2016).
2015 Conference Paper Rumsewicz, M. Research proceedings from the 2015 Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC & AFAC conference. Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC & AFAC annual conference 2015 (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2015).
2015 Conference Paper Gissing, A., Haynes, K., Coates, L. & Keys, C. How do we reduce vehicle related deaths: exploring Australian flood fatalities 1900-2015 - non peer reviewed extended abstract. Adelaide Conference 2015 (2015).
2015 Conference Paper van den Honert, R., Coates, L., Haynes, K. & Crompton, R. Estimating the Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fatalities and Building Losses Conference Paper 2014. Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC and AFAC Wellington Conference 2014 (2015).
2015 Journal Article Gissing, A., Haynes, K., Coates, L. & Keys, C. Reducing deaths from driving into floodwaters. Crisis Response Journal 11, 66-67 (2015).
2015 Report van den Honert, R. An Analysis of Human Fatalities and Building Losses from Natural Disasters Annual Report 2014. (2015).
2015 Report Haynes, K. & Coates, L. An analysis of building losses and human fatalities from natural disasters: Annual project report 2014-2015. (Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC, 2015).
2014 Journal Article Okada, T., Haynes, K., Bird, D., van den Honert, R. & King, D. Recovery and Resettlement following the 2011 flash flooding in Lockyer Valley. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 8, (2014).
2014 Journal Article Coates, L., Haynes, K., O'Brien, J., McAneney, J. & de Oliveira, F. Dimer. Exploring 167 years of vulnerability: An examination of extreme heat events in Australia 1844–2010. Environmental Science and Policy 42, 33-44 (2014).
Date Title Download Key Topics
21 Mar 2014 An analysis of human fatalities and building losses from natural disasters PDF icon 250.37 KB (250.37 KB) economics, infrastructure, risk analysis
07 Aug 2014 Measuring the impacts of bushfires on human fatalities and building losses PDF icon 3.25 MB (3.25 MB) engineering, fire
08 Sep 2014 NSW RFS bushfire household assessment tool PDF icon 3.62 MB (3.62 MB) decision making, risk analysis
08 Sep 2014 Measuring the impacts of natural hazards on human fatalities and building losses PDF icon 1.66 MB (1.66 MB)
27 Oct 2014 Estimating the impacts of natural hazards on property and bulding losses infrastructure, resilience
15 Jan 2015 Fire Australia Summer 2014-15 PDF icon 10.47 MB (10.47 MB) child-centred, communities, multi-hazard
10 Apr 2015 Human Fatalities and Building Losses 2015 NSW RAF Presentation PDF icon 2.3 MB (2.3 MB) infrastructure, multi-hazard
20 Aug 2015 An analysis of building losses and human fatalities from natural disasters File 0 bytes (0 bytes) economics, multi-hazard, risk analysis
27 Aug 2015 Learning from the past, planning for the future PDF icon 166.29 KB (166.29 KB) modelling, multi-hazard, risk analysis
03 Sep 2015 An analysis of human fatalities from flood hazards in Australia 1900-2014 PDF icon 1.39 MB (1.39 MB) flood, risk analysis, risk management
17 May 2016 An analysis of human fatalities from flood hazards in Australia, 1900-2015 PDF icon 1.78 MB (1.78 MB) emergency management, flood, risk analysis
01 Sep 2016 Prevention of flood-related fatalities: a focus on driving through floodwater - Elspeth Rae PDF icon 2.26 MB (2.26 MB) decision making, education, flood
01 Sep 2016 An analysis of human fatalities from flood hazards in Australia,1900-2015 - Katharine Haynes PDF icon 1.28 MB (1.28 MB) education, flood, policy
12 Oct 2016 Overview of flood research findings - An analysis of building losses and human fatalities File 0 bytes (0 bytes) decision making, flood, warnings
13 Oct 2016 Where, why and how are Australians dying in floods? PDF icon 867.95 KB (867.95 KB) decision making, flood, warnings
18 Apr 2017 An Analysis of Building Losses and Human Fatalities from Natural Disasters PDF icon 5.22 MB (5.22 MB) economics, multi-hazard, risk analysis
30 May 2017 Fire Australia Issue Two 2017 PDF icon 5.11 MB (5.11 MB) flood, severe weather, volunteering
07 Sep 2017 Sheltering during floods: experiences of residents and businesses in the Northern Rivers region PDF icon 760.42 KB (760.42 KB) communities, flood, severe weather
08 Oct 2020 How do road characteristics influence flood fatalities? PDF icon 820.34 KB (820.34 KB) communication, decision making, flood
25 Nov 2020 Looking back can prevent future flood deaths economics, flood, risk analysis
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