@article {bnh-5140, title = {Investigation of firebrand production during prescribed fires conducted in a pine forest}, journal = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute}, volume = {36}, year = {2017}, month = {11/2016}, pages = {3270}, chapter = {3263}, abstract = {

This paper represents a study on the characterization of firebrand production which was carried out, using experimental fires conducted as prescribed fires in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, USA in March of 2013{\textendash}2015. Several preliminary techniques were tested to characterize the firebrand production. Firebrands were collected from three plots for each year and analyzed for mass and size distribution. Thermal imagery was used to measure the velocity, size and number of firebrands in 2014 and 2015. The distribution of firebrands was evaluated in a monitored volume during the experiment. It was found that not less than 70\% of collected particles were bark fragments and the rest were pine and shrub branches. The number of firebrands decreases with increasing the cross section area of firebrands. The mass of the particles varied from 5 to 50mg, and the maximum number of the particles was observed for the mass range of 10{\textendash}20mg. About 80\% of firebrands were particles with the cross section area of (5{\textendash}20) {\texttimes} 10-5\ m2. These results are consistent with the available observations of real fires\ [1],\ [2]. Processing of infrared video showed that starting from a distance of 13m from fire front, an increasing number of firebrands were observed in a controlled volume, increasing in number up to 180 per second. Relationships describing the time-variation of the number of particles that dropped on a 1.4m2\ surface and the number of particles that flew through a 1m3\ volume were obtained. Comparing the experimental and calculated data, we can conclude that these relationships allow us to describe the two numbers with an acceptable accuracy (adj. R2\ 0.74 and 0.86, respectively). In addition, the velocity of the particles, which depended on the wind velocity, was in the 0.1{\textendash}10.5m/s range, with an average value of 2.5m/s.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.06.125}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1540748916301833$\#$!}, author = {Alex Filkov and Sergey Prohanov and Eric Mueller and D. P. Kasymov and Pavel Martynov and Mohamad El Houssami and Jan Thomas and Nicholas Skowronski and Bret Butler and Michael Gallagher and Kenneth Clark and William Mell and Robert Kremens and Rory M. Madden and Albert Simeoni} } @article {bnh-5182, title = {Utilization of remote sensing techniques for the quantification of fire behavior in two pine stands}, journal = {Fire Safety Journal}, volume = {91}, year = {2017}, month = {07/2017}, pages = {845-854}, chapter = {845}, abstract = {

Quantification\ of field-scale fire behavior is necessary to improve the current scientific understanding of wildland fires and to develop and test relevant, physics-based models. In particular, detailed descriptions of individual fires are required, for which the available literature is limited. In this work, two such field-scale experiments, carried out in pine stands under\ mild conditions, are presented. A particular focus was placed on non-intrusive\ measurement, as the capabilities of advanced remote sensing techniques, along with more traditional approaches, are explored. A description of the fires is presented, with spread occurring predominantly in the surface fuels with intensities in the range of 200{\textendash}4400kWm-1, and punctuated by isolated regions of crown fire. The occurrence of crown fire is investigated and linked to regions of greater canopy density, and it is found that the total fire intensity may increase locally to as much as 21,000kWm-1. The light winds do not appear to play a\ direct role\ in the changes in fire behavior, while fuel structure may be important. The measurements described herein provided a reasonable overall description of the fires, however, the current resolution (both spatial and temporal) falls short of definitively explaining some transitional aspects of the fire behavior, and future improvements are suggested.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.076}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711217301728}, author = {Eric Mueller and Nicholas Skowronski and Kenneth Clark and Michael Gallagher and Robert Kremens and Jan Thomas and Mohamad El Houssami and Alex Filkov and Rory M Hadden and William Mell and Albert Simeoni} }