Published works

We review recent literature on the topic of atmospheric boundary-layer flow over forest canopies. Included in this review are brief discussions of flow over rough surfaces and flow over urban canopies (collections of buildings). The purpose of this review is to inform fire behaviour analysts of progress in sub-canopy modelling, with an eye to developing simplified models for wind reduction factors. The wind reduction factor is a parameter that quantified the effect of canopy density on fire spread rate. Simulation of canopy flow is also reviewed and discussed. Simulations provide insight into the flow behavior that is otherwise difficult to obtain from field observations and experiments. The basic principles of Large Eddy Simulation and the validity of the simulation results are discussed. Finally some open problems are posed.