@inbook {bnh-8346, title = {Connecting Weather and Hazard: A partnership of physical scientists in connected disciplines}, booktitle = {Towards the {\textquotedblleft}Perfect{\textquotedblright} Weather Warning: Bridging Disciplinary Gaps through Partnership and Communication}, year = {2022}, pages = {149}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, organization = {Springer Nature}, chapter = {6}, abstract = {

Achieving consistency in the prediction of the atmosphere and related environmental hazards requires careful design of forecasting systems. In this chapter, we identify the
benefits of seamless approaches to hazard prediction and the challenges of achieving them in a multi-institution situation. We see that different modelling structures are adopted in different disciplines and that these often relate to the user requirements for those hazards. We then explore the abilities of weather prediction to meet the requirements of these different disciplines. We find that differences in requirement and language can be major challenges to seamless data processing and look at some ways in which these can be resolved. We conclude with examples of partnerships in flood forecasting in the UK and wildfire forecasting in Australia.

}, keywords = {Cold, Coupled model, Evaluation, Fire, Forecaster, Heat, hydrology, Ocean Flood, Seamless, Winter}, issn = {978-3-030-98989-7}, doi = {doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98989-7_6}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-98989-7_6$\#$Abs1}, author = {Brian Golding and Jenny Sun and MIchael Riemer and Nusrat Yussouf and Helen Titley and Joanne Robbins and Beth Ebert and Tom Pagano and Huw Lewis and Claire Dashwood and Mika Peace} } @article {bnh-6796, title = {Reimagining program monitoring and evaluation for disaster resilience outcomes}, number = {549}, year = {2020}, month = {03/2020}, institution = {Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC}, address = {Melbourne}, abstract = {

Resilience is an approach to living with, managing, and adapting to aspects of change, complexity and uncertainty, including that arising from emergencies and disasters. A resilient community has the capacities and opportunities to: identify risk; absorb disruptive events and return to a functioning state; and, adapt or transform in anticipation of, or in response to, disruptive events. Community resilience arises from the ways that these capacities are valued, prioritised and addressed by community, government, business, and individual actions and activities - a so-called system of resilience.\ 

Disaster resilience is a new organising principle\ for the work that Australian emergency agencies\ undertake with communities. Agency programs\ directly or indirectly seek to enhance the capacities\ of communities to survive, thrive and adapt within a landscape of bushfires, floods, storms\ and cyclones. Yet agencies are also required to\ demonstrate the contribution that their programs\ make to disaster resilience.

A suite of monitoring and evaluation (M\&E)\ frameworks and techniques are available to track\ the effectiveness of community engagement, and\ other programs. Many emergency management\ agencies in Australia, and other disaster-related\ organisations such as insurers, adopt these\ frameworks and techniques. Yet the challenge\ heard from practitioners is how to monitor\ and evaluate the contributions of programs\ to disaster resilience. Traditional measures\ of disaster resilience include preparedness,\ recovery and mitigation, but disaster resilience\ also encompasses aspects of communities such\ as connectedness, social capital, co-learning,\ participation, access, adaptation, behaviour\ change, diversity, governance and networks.\ Monitoring and evaluating therefore needs\ to address the impacts of programs on these\ aspects of disaster resilience. This endeavour is\ not unique to emergency management agencies: practitioners in climate change adaptation,\ international development, community\ development and environmental science are also\ developing ways to monitor and evaluate resilience\ outcomes.

There is no easy answer to the challenge of monitoring and evaluating programs for disaster resilience outcomes. This is partly because the adoption of resilience concepts into policy and programs is in its early stages, and partly because resilience thinking requires fundamental transformation in the design and implementation of community engagement programs, and the collection of data to track effectiveness. In essence, emergency agency practitioners and the communities they work with are themselves generating the new monitoring and evaluation frameworks, techniques, program designs and governance structures required to progress towards disaster resilience goals.

Emergency management agencies face the challenge of monitoring and evaluating the contribution of their programs for disaster resilience. However, given the diversity of legislative and strategic environments in Australia, the implementation of monitoring and evaluation frameworks will be unique to each agency.

This report is a self-reflective guide for taking program evaluation for disaster resilience outwards to examine progress and tracking towards goals of disaster resilience.\ 

Resilience is an approach to living with, managing,and adapting to aspects of change, complexityand uncertainty, including that arising fromemergencies and disasters. A resilient communityhas the capacities and opportunities to: identifyrisk; absorb disruptive events and return to afunctioning state; and, adapt or transform inanticipation of, or in response to, disruptive events.Community resilience arises from the waysthat these capacities are valued, prioritised andaddressed by community, government, business,and individual actions and activities {\textendash} a so-calledsystem of resilience.Disaster resilience is a new organising principlefor the work that Australian emergency agenciesundertake with communities. Agency programsdirectly or indirectly seek to enhance the capacitiesof communities to survive, thrive and adaptwithin a landscape of bushfires, floods, stormsand cyclones. Yet agencies are also required todemonstrate the contribution that their programsmake to disaster resilience.

}, keywords = {disaster resilience, Evaluation, program monitoring, resilience outcomes}, issn = {549}, author = {Melissa Parsons and Holly Foster} } @article {bnh-6034, title = {Community engagement techniques toolkit}, number = {516}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, institution = {Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC}, address = {Melbourne}, abstract = {

This toolkit builds on National Strategy for Disaster Resilience: Community Engagement Framework Handbook 6 (Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience, 2013) by providing details of:

The model travels through a series of levels of community engagement planning and implementation, which helps practitioners to map and undertake the best community engagement approach for a specific community.

The base articles used to build the suite of techniques were found during a systematic literature review of preparedness activity. A systematic literature review is a rigorous, procedural approach to drawing out all available literature on a topic.\  The value of a systematic literature review is that it provides a wide ranging view of the accessible knowledge around a topic. Articles were included based on whether they measured impact of engagement techniques (such as preparedness levels, lives saved), and the quality of the research. The full list of articles can be found in the references section.

}, keywords = {community engagement, Emergency management, Evaluation, monitoring}, issn = {516}, author = {Barbara Ryan and Kim Johnston and Maureen Taylor} } @article {bnh-6035, title = {Monitoring, evaluation and learning toolkit}, number = {517}, year = {2019}, month = {09/2019}, institution = {Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC}, address = {Melbourne}, abstract = {

This toolkit builds on National Strategy for Disaster Resilience: Community Engagement Framework Handbook 6 (Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience, 2013) by providing details of:

The model travels through a series of levels of community engagement planning and implementation, which helps practitioners to map and undertake the best community engagement approach for a specific community.

The base articles used to build the suite of techniques were found during a systematic literature review of preparedness activity. A systematic literature review is a rigorous, procedural approach to drawing out all available literature on a topic.\  The value of a systematic literature review is that it provides a wide-ranging view of the accessible knowledge around a topic. Articles were included based on whether they measured impact of engagement techniques (such as preparedness levels, lives saved), and the quality of the research. The full list of articles can be found in the references section.

}, keywords = {community engagement, Emergency management, Evaluation, monitoring}, issn = {517}, author = {Maureen Taylor and Kim Johnston and Barbara Ryan} } @article {BF-4279, title = {Gendered communication and public safety: Women, men and incident management}, journal = {Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The}, volume = {28}, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {3-10}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {Managing emergency events requires incident management teams to actively pool their ideas and concerns to resolve challenges, although this frequently does not occur. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods, this paper explores whether gender may be an underlying factor. The quantitative findings indicate that women report different experiences of communication in incident management teams. In seeking to provide an account as to why this might be the case 24 qualitative interviews with incident management team members were examined. The findings reveal cultural challenges to team communication and specifically a masculinist culture (i.e. acting with high confidence and bravado). The legitimacy of these displays is contested by both men and women because of their negative impacts on team communication and co-operation. Strategies for overcoming the negative impacts of masculinist cultures and the role of leadership and training are discussed.}, keywords = {Ability Testing, Emergency management, Evaluation, Psychological aspects, Public safety, Public speaking, Social conditions, Women}, issn = {1324-1540}, url = {http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=364034915486329;res=IELHSS}, author = {Owen, Christine} }